负责:什么是乳腺癌?
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from cells of the breast. Although men occasionally get the disease, it is considered a "women's cancer."
许多女性会出现乳房肿块,而且大多数是良性的(不是癌变的)。. 在这些情况下, the lump is usually caused by fibrocystic changes — formation of fluid-filled sacs (cysts) and scarring in the connective tissue that supports the breast.
If a lump or other breast abnormality is cancer, it may be noninvasive or invasive. Noninvasive cancer is a very early cancer that has not spread beyond the duct. Invasive cancer has spread from the duct into surrounding breast tissue and may have spread to the lymph nodes. Metastatic breast cancer has spread from the breast to other parts of the body.
浸润性乳腺癌
浸润性乳腺癌包括:
- 浸润性(或浸润性)导管癌. This type of disease accounts for 80 percent of all invasive breast cancers. This is a cancer that has broken through the wall of the duct and invaded fatty tissue. It has the potential to spread, or metastasize, to other parts of the body. This can occur through the bloodstream or through the lymphatic system.
- 浸润性小叶癌(ILC). This accounts for 10 percent to 15 percent of invasive breast cancers. ILC通常开始于分泌乳汁的腺体. 在显微镜下看起来与导管癌不同, 并且有可能扩散到身体其他部位. It can be more difficult to detect with a mammogram or physical exam than IDC.
- 炎性乳腺癌. This rare disease accounts for about 1 percent of all breast cancers. This is an aggressive and fast-growing cancer that makes the skin of the breast look red and feel warm, 就像被感染了一样. 皮肤很厚, 的外观, caused by cancer cells blocking lymph vessels or channels in the skin over the breast.
Other, relatively rare types of invasive breast cancer that have a better prognosis — meaning expected outcome — than the invasive cancers listed above are medullary carcinoma (accounting for 5 percent of breast cancers), 小管癌(占2%)和粘液癌. Paget's disease of the nipple is cancer that spreads from the breast ducts into the skin of the nipple and the areola, 乳头周围的黑色区域. 它占乳腺癌的1%. Phyllodes tumor is an uncommon breast tumor that forms in the stroma, 或者乳房的结缔组织.
非侵袭性乳腺癌
测试如下 mammography, 或者乳房x光片, allow doctors to see tiny growths which may not ever spread to other tissues. 这些非侵入性生长, in which cancer cells have not broken through the duct into other parts of the breast, 占乳腺癌的15%到20%." Other terms that are used for noninvasive breastcancer are carinoma in situ or Stage 0 breast cancer.
非侵袭性乳腺癌 sometimes change over time into invasive disease. Decisions about how to treat noninvasive breast cancer are based on their potential for change.
非侵袭性乳腺癌包括:
- 导管原位癌(DCIS). 这是最常见的一种非侵袭性乳腺癌. "In situ" means the growth is confined to the immediate area in which it began, so ductal carcinoma in situ is cancer that is confined to the milk ducts. In DCIS, cancer has not spread to the fatty tissue of the breast or elsewhere in the body.
Doctors think that most types of DCIS are not likely to turn into invasive cancer, but some types do. 出于这个原因, your doctor will probably recommend treating DCIS as though it might become invasive — removing the affected area surgically. DCIS is usually found with a mammogram, but may also occur in a breast lump. - 小叶原位癌(LCIS). LCIS是乳房乳汁小叶的非侵入性生长. 它不会变成癌症, but women with the condition do sometimes develop other invasive cancers in the same or opposite breast. LCIS is therefore considered a marker of increased breast cancer risk, and women with this condition should have regular mammograms and clinical examinations.
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- 负责的下一部分: 谁会得乳腺癌?
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加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.