冠状动脉 动脉 疾病
Overview
什么是冠状动脉疾病(CAD)?
冠状动脉 artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and the most common type of heart disease. 当动脉粥样硬化-粘稠的血管积聚时，就会出现这种情况, fatty substance called plaque – narrows the arteries supplying blood to the heart. 动脉粥样硬化是动脉硬化的一种, 哪一种通常被称为“动脉硬化”.")
当你的心脏没有得到足够的富氧血液时, 你可能会感到胸部疼痛或有压力, 手臂或下巴. 这是心脏功能出现问题的警告信号. 如果不及时治疗，CAD会导致心脏病发作.
我们治疗冠状动脉疾病的方法
UCSF's heart specialists are leaders in preventing, diagnosing and treating coronary artery disease. 我们提供周到的服务, 为高危人群提供个性化护理, 包括高血压患者, 高胆固醇, 或者有心脏病家族史. We also see patients who are nearing middle age and worried that their lifestyle could be setting the stage for CAD.
Our CAD screening tools include laboratory tests to measure fat and cholesterol in the blood, 成像技术为十大赌博平台排行榜提供了了解心脏功能的窗口, 压力测试显示了心脏对劳累的反应. 我们还提供全方位的心脏病预防和治疗方案, from medications and nutritional counseling to minimally invasive procedures and traditional surgery.
Our rapid mobilization team is on call 24 hours a day to respond quickly when someone has a heart attack. 一旦病人被送进 UCSF心脏重症监护病房, 他们接受全面的, 由包括心脏病专家在内的团队进行专业治疗, 很多其他类型的十大赌博平台排行榜, 护士, 社会工作者, 营养学家, 药剂师, 精神护理提供者, 物理治疗师和呼吸治疗师.
冠状动脉疾病的症状
随着时间的推移, arteries severely narrowed by plaque (atherosclerosis) are no longer able to supply the heart with enough blood to function properly. 结果是, 你可能会患心绞痛, 哪一种是由血流量不足引起的胸痛和其他不适. 疼痛通常被描述为窒息、挤压或沉重. In addition to the chest, it may be felt in the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, back or even the stomach.
除了心绞痛，动脉粥样硬化还会引起:
- 乏力
- 呼吸急促（气促）
- 心律失常不正常的心跳或心律失常
The plaque buildup can also tear artery walls and form blood clots that can lead to a heart attack. Many people have no symptoms of coronary artery disease until they have a heart attack.
冠状动脉疾病的原因
Certain physical and behavioral factors put some people at a higher risk of coronary artery disease. 例如, 男性通常比女性更容易患冠心病, 但女性绝经后患病风险增加. 可导致CAD的因素包括:
- 年龄. 对于男性来说，55岁以后患冠心病的风险增加. 65岁以后或者经历过这种疾病的女性患病风险会增加 更年期.
- 糖尿病. 糖尿病患者患冠心病的可能性是糖尿病患者的2 - 4倍.
- 家族病史. 如果你的家族中有人在50岁之前患有心脏病, 你的患病风险高于平均水平.
- 高胆固醇. Cholesterol is a waxy substance in your blood that's mostly made by your liver but also comes from certain foods. 你的身体需要一些胆固醇, but too much of certain types can lead to a dangerous accumulation of plaque in your arteries.
- 高血压. 这是当血液对血管壁的作用力过高时发生的. 随着时间的推移, it can cause excessive strain on your heart and injure the lining of arteries.
- 肥胖. 超重或肥胖会增加患冠心病的风险.
- 久坐不动的生活方式. 缺乏体育锻炼会增加患冠心病的风险.
- 吸烟. 随着时间的推移，香烟中的化学物质会导致斑块在动脉中积聚.
- 压力. 高水平的压力会增加血压, 胆固醇水平和其他与冠心病相关的疾病.
冠状动脉疾病的诊断
十大赌博平台排行榜通过寻找动脉粥样硬化来评估病人, 使用各种测试可以检测到哪些, 包括:
- 冠状动脉造影. 这种微创研究被认为是诊断CAD的金标准. 有时通过心导管(使用薄导管)进行, 可弯曲的管子(称为导管)到达心脏。, 它可以显示心脏血管是否变窄, 血液流动和心脏泵送功能是否正常, 以及心脏的瓣膜是否正常工作. 它还可以识别一些人天生的心脏异常.
- 计算机断层扫描(CT). 这可以显示动脉狭窄的钙沉积和堵塞. 以便更好地揭示问题所在, 一种在x射线上可见的无害染料可能会被注射到静脉中.
- 超声心动图(回声). 有时被称为心脏超声, 这种无创测试使用声波来绘制你的心脏图像. 它提供了心脏如何跳动的信息, 血液是如何流经心脏和血管的, 阀门是如何工作的, 还有心脏的大小.
- 心电图(ECG或EKG). An ECG records the heart's electrical activity using small electrodes that are placed with patches on your chest, 胳膊和腿. The electrodes are connected by wires to a machine that records the flow patterns of electrical current in the heart. 该测试用于诊断心律失常和检测心脏损伤的迹象.
- 运动压力测试. 也叫应激超声心动图, 这个测试显示了你的心脏在身体受到挑战时的表现. You'll exercise on a treadmill (or possibly a bicycle) while wearing ECG electrodes and wires so that your heart's electrical signals can be recorded.
- 核压力试验. 也被称为压力铊测试, 它有两个组成部分, 跑步机压力测试和心脏扫描. 第一个, a small amount of a harmless radioactive substance (hence the term nuclear) is injected into a vein. 用一个特殊的摄像机追踪这种物质, 十大赌博平台排行榜可以看到冠状动脉, 心脏的形状和功能, 以及血液是如何流经这个系统的. This type of test has been used for many years to evaluate how much blood the heart is getting under various conditions, 比如运动时.
治疗冠状动脉疾病
药物治疗和生活方式的改变, 比如戒烟或减肥, 能帮助心脏更有效地运作，减少心绞痛吗, 但它们不能消除冠状动脉中的斑块. 药物可能包括降胆固醇药物, β受体阻断剂, 硝化甘油, 钙通道阻滞剂和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂.
冠状动脉疾病的斑块清除
为了减少动脉中的斑块，十大赌博平台排行榜可能会进行手术 冠状动脉旁路移植术. This involves attaching an artery or vein from another part of the body to the clogged artery to create a detour for blood to go around a blockage. 传统上是通过开胸手术来完成的, 但加州大学旧金山分校提供了一种微创的替代方案, 其好处包括恢复时间更短.
CABG的替代方案是a 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗这是一种描述几种微创手术的方法. 这些包括:
- 血管成形术. 一根导管, folded balloon on its tip is threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the site of the blockage. The balloon is inflated to flatten the plaque against the artery walls and widen the passageway.
- 支架血管成形术. 经常, 作为血管成形术的一部分, a stent (a tiny mesh tube) is placed in the problem area to keep the artery open and prevent plaque from building up again.
- 旋转atherectomy. Narrowed arteries are widened by sanding the plaque down with a high-speed rotating device. 该技术用于钙化(硬化)斑块积聚.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
