Pleural fluid analysis
定义
Pleural fluid analysis is a test that examines a sample of fluid that has collected in the pleural space. This is the space between the lining of the outside of the lungs (pleura) and the wall of the chest. When fluid collects in the pleural space, the condition is called
How the Test is Performed
这个过程叫做
- 癌症ous (malignant) cells
- Other types of cells (for example blood cells)
- Levels of glucose, protein and other chemicals
- Bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria, viruses, and other germs that can cause infections
- 炎症
How to Prepare for the Test
No special preparation is needed before the test. An ultrasound, CT scan, or
DO NOT cough, breathe deeply, or move during the test to avoid injury to the lung.
Tell your provider if you take medicines to thin the blood.
How the Test will Feel
For 胸腔穿刺术, you sit on the edge of a chair or bed with your head and arms resting on a table. The provider cleans the skin around the insertion site. Numbing medicine (anesthetic) is injected into the skin.
A needle is placed through the skin and muscles of the chest wall into the pleural space. As fluid drains into a collection bottle, you may cough a bit. This is because your lung re-expands to fill the space where fluid had been. This sensation lasts for a few hours after the test.
During the test, tell your provider if you have sharp chest pain or shortness of breath.
Ultrasound is often used to decide where the needle is inserted and to get a better view of the fluid in your chest.
Why the Test is Performed
The test is performed to determine the cause of a 胸腔积液. It is also done to relieve the shortness of breath that a large 胸腔积液 can cause.
正常的结果
Normally the pleural cavity contains less than 20 milliliters (4 teaspoons) of clear, yellowish (serous) fluid.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results may indicate possible causes of 胸腔积液, such as:
- 癌症
肝硬化 心脏衰竭 - 感染
- 严重的
营养不良 - 创伤
- Abnormal connections between the pleural space and other organs (for example, the esophagus)
If the provider suspects an infection, a
The test may also be performed for
风险
风险 of 胸腔穿刺术 are:
- 肺萎陷(
气胸 ) - Excessive loss of blood
- Fluid re-accumulation
- 感染
肺水肿 呼吸窘迫 - Cough that doesn't go away
Serious complications are uncommon.
参考文献
勃洛克汉堡王. 胸腔穿刺术. In: 罗伯茨 JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. 罗伯茨 & Hedges' Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 9.
Broaddus VC, Light RW. 胸腔积液. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 108.
审核日期: 12/06/2021
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