记忆与衰老词汇
失认症丧失辨认物体的能力, 人, 听起来, 形状或气味没有伤害到主要的感觉器官或记忆丧失.
语法缺失口语中存在语法错误, 例如冠词的省略或错误用法(“cow jump over moon”), 介词(“狗走桥”)或动词(“猫吃老鼠”).
无着丝粒的缄默症: A state where a person can no longer move or talk due to damage to the base of the brain, 但是这个人是清醒的(不是昏迷的), 睁大眼睛, 并且能够跟随周围发生的事情.
淀粉样蛋白一团不溶的, 可积聚在脑组织中的纤维蛋白, 由不同的疾病引起. 这些沉积物破坏细胞功能并可能导致细胞过早死亡. 聚集的蛋白质会随着特定的疾病而变化.
失语症: A loss of the ability to produce 和/or underst和 language due to injury to brain areas specialized for these functions.
失用症: The loss of the ability to perform tasks that require remembering patterns or sequences of movements, 比如挥手告别.
联想失认症: A failure to assign meaning to an object, animal or building that is clearly perceived. 例如, 一个有联想视觉诊断的病人可能会画一头牛, 但他不知道牛是什么,也不知道牛做什么.
共济失调颤抖的动作, 摇摆不定, 走路不稳和笨拙,通常是由小脑损伤引起的, 大脑中控制运动的部分.
萎缩萎缩的:消瘦或萎缩的. 神经元萎缩是指神经元的消耗,即神经元密度的降低.
疯牛病牛海绵状脑病,又称“疯牛病”."
细胞包含细胞内的小实体.
中枢神经系统:用来描述大脑和脊髓的总称.
小脑性共济失调颤抖的动作, 摇摆不定, 走路不稳和笨拙,通常是由小脑损伤引起的, 大脑中控制运动的部分.
小脑的迹象与小脑有关的, 后脑勺位于脑后部,介于大脑和脑干之间的大脑部分. 小脑控制行走、站立和其他复杂运动功能的平衡.
脑脊液(CSF)一种清澈的水状液体,用于沐浴、缓冲和保护大脑和脊髓.
大脑大脑:大脑的最大部分, 哪一个负责学习和其他有意识的心理功能.
舞蹈病:不规则的, 间歇性的, 四肢或面部肌肉的不自主运动, 常伴有张力减退(骨骼肌张力下降).
染色体DNA链被压缩并组织成双螺旋结构. 人类通常有23对染色体.
染色体17q21 (FTDP-17) 含有制造tau蛋白基因的染色体.
密码子129: The human prion protein (PrP) has a common polymorphism at codon 129 of the gene PRNP; this polymorphism has a strong influence on genetic susceptibility to prion diseases.
皮质:器官的外部部分. 在大脑中,大脑的外部部分是大脑皮层.
计算机断层扫描: Pictures of structures within the body created by a computer that takes the data from multiple x-ray images 和 turns them into pictures. Compared to an x-ray, CT scan captures an entire slice of the body with about 100 次 more clarity.
痴呆智力的退化, 比如记忆, 专注与判断, 由器质性疾病或大脑紊乱引起的. 有时还伴有情绪紊乱和性格改变.
DNA(脱氧核糖核酸):一种复杂的分子,拥有你身体制造蛋白质的“蓝图”.
感觉迟钝: A condition in which an unpleasant sensation — known as painful sensory symptoms such as distortion or impairment of any sense, 尤其是触觉——是由普通的刺激产生的.
吞咽困难吞咽困难由于神经或肌肉控制问题而吞咽困难.
肌张力障碍:非自愿, 持续的肌肉收缩,经常引起扭曲的身体运动, 震颤和异常姿势. 这些动作可能涉及整个身体,也可能只涉及一个孤立的区域.
情景记忆对事件的记忆, 次, 的地方, 与经验相关的情感和其他基于概念的知识.
脑电图(EEG)大脑电活动的记录. Flat metal discs (electrodes) placed on your scalp detect 和 record the patterns of electrical activity generated by your brain.
脑病任何影响大脑功能的疾病.
锥体束外的迹象锥体外系统调节对不稳定运动的潜意识控制, 基底神经节对肌张力和躯干稳定性的影响. 这个系统的损伤会导致运动障碍, 不能发起运动和/或不能保持不动.
额叶: The part of each hemisphere of the brain located behind the forehead that serves to regulate 和 mediate the higher intellectual functions. 额叶与大脑的其他区域有着复杂的联系. 在额叶, 我们融合情感, 认知, 错误检测, 意志, 自我意识, 更多的是创造我们的社会大脑.
额颞叶痴呆(FTD): The umbrella term for the clinical syndromes of behavioral variant 额颞叶痴呆 (bvFTD), 语义性痴呆(SD)和进行性非流利性失语(PNFA). 这些综合征共同累及大脑额叶和颞叶. 这个术语有时专门用来指bvFTD.
额颞叶变性(FTLD): The term that describes the specific pathological diseases that result in FTD syndromes. 分型是基于在神经元包涵体中发现的特定蛋白质.
步态一个人走路的样子.
基因编码特定蛋白质的DNA的特定亚基.
神经胶质过多症: A process leading to scars in the central nervous system that involves the production of a dense fibrous network of neuroglia (supporting cells) in areas of damage. 神经胶质瘤是许多中枢神经系统疾病的显著特征,包括 额颞叶痴呆, 阿尔茨海默病, 多发性硬化症 和 中风. 中风后,神经元死亡并消失,伴有替代胶质细胞增生.
灰质脑皮层:大脑的皮层,包含神经细胞体. 灰质与白质形成对比, 髓鞘:大脑中含有髓鞘神经纤维的部分. 灰质之所以如此命名,是因为它看起来是灰色的.
反射亢进:异常, increased action of the reflexes; a reaction of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system to over-stimulation.
医源性: Disease acquired as the result of accidental transmission from one patient to another by medical or surgical procedures.
核磁共振成像一种利用磁性的放射学技术, 无线电波与电脑产生非侵入性, 身体内部结构的高质量图像. 核磁共振成像是无痛的, 不使用x射线辐射,是描绘大脑结构的有力工具.
微管细胞或细胞骨架的支架结构的关键结构元素.
突变DNA或RNA的永久变化, 指导蛋白质构建的分子“蓝图”. 突变是有帮助的, 中性或有害, 并可随机发生或由环境因素引起.
肌阵挛肌肉或肌肉群突然的、不自觉的抽搐或抽搐.
神经原纤维缠结在神经元内发现的蛋白质的病理簇.
神经元包含在神经元(神经或脑细胞)内发现的任何小的胞内体.
病理通过器官检查对疾病的研究和诊断, 组织, 体液或整个身体.
聚合酶链反应: A key technique in molecular genetics that rapidly copies a short section of DNA or RNA for analysis without having to clone it.
血统在医学方面, a family health history diagrammed with a set of international symbols to indicate the individuals in the family, 他们彼此之间的关系, 那些有疾病的人, 等.
语音语言错乱: Errors involving use of the incorrect phoneme ("ped" instead of "bed") or transposition of a phoneme ("efelant" for "elephant").
选择身体: A specific type of cellular inclusion made up of the protein tau 和 seen in some people with FTD.
皮克病:行为变异额颞叶痴呆(bvFTD)的另一个名称, 也称为额颞叶痴呆(FTD).
老年退行性痴呆65岁以前的痴呆症.
症状: The first change in a person's behavior noticed by the patient or caregiver which brings them into the doctor's office.
朊病毒一种由不正常折叠的蛋白质组成的传染因子,没有遗传物质. A disease-causing agent that is neither bacterial nor fungal nor viral 和 contains no genetic material. 朊病毒蛋白通常以无害的形式出现. 通过折叠成一种异常的形状,正常的朊病毒蛋白变成了一种流氓. 然后它会选择其他正常的朊病毒,变成流氓朊病毒.
前驱症状: Any symptom affecting a system other than the nervous system preceding the first neurologic symptom or sign.
枕的迹象: Symmetrically increased signal intensity in the pulvinar region (posterior part of the thalamus) relative to the signal intensity in other deep 和 cortical gray matter areas on an MRI. The presence of this MRI feature may suggest a vCJD diagnosis in the appropriate clinical context.
金字塔形的迹象金字塔系统控制着我们所有的自主运动. It is made up of two systems: upper motor neurons in the primary motor cortex 和 lower motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. The axons of the corticospinal tract condense to form the pyramids, giving the system its name. 对这个系统的伤害会导致瘫痪.
快速进行性痴呆: A form of dementia in which the time period from first symptom to dementia is less than two years 和 often less than one year.
语义记忆:对意义、理解和其他基于概念的知识的记忆. Remembering that a robin is a bird with a red breast is one example of semantic knowledge.
语义语言错乱: The substitution of a word that is closely related to the target word, as in "cat" for "dog."
标志身体有问题的迹象, 定义为十大赌博平台排行榜可以看到的东西, 护士或其他卫生保健专业人员. 例如, 发热, rapid breathing rate 和 abnormal breathing 听起来 heard through a stethoscope may be signs of pneumonia.
症状疾病、疾病、受伤或身体不正常的迹象. 症状是由一个人感觉到或注意到的,但可能不容易被其他人注意到.
τ: A protein in the body that aids in the cellular structure (cytoskeleton) 和 cellular transportation.
颞叶: The lobe of the cerebral hemisphere located down on the side of the brain near the ears. 颞叶包含负责听觉的听觉皮层, 语言理解和记忆.
空泡形成一种神经病理学术语,用以取代“海绵状改变”的旧术语." This term describes the fluid-filled vesicles (vacuoles) that are seen at dendrite terminals in the neuropil (the network of nerve fibers, 灰质中的神经胶质细胞和突触). Brain damage characterized by a spongy appearance of brain tissue seen under a microscope. 这被认为是朊病毒疾病的典型神经病理特征.
白质:大脑中含有髓鞘神经纤维的部分. 白质是白色的,因为它是髓磷脂的颜色, 包裹神经纤维的绝缘层.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only 和 is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.